Asia Bitumen Price 20. 8% during the 2021-2028 period. The price, supply capacity. November 2, 2023. Bitumen 60/70 and 80/100 in jumbo bag without frame:355$/MT. Liquid bitumen is classified into four different types: Cut Back and bitumen emulsion. Petra Oil is a one-stop partner that can source products from refineries around the world and delivery them to clients in remote. Available Packings : COOLTAR-CE is available in 20 / 25 MT Bulk Tankers, 200 Kg. The global bitumen market size was USD 49. 2016 Dear Sir/Madam, SUB : SUPPLY OF BITUMEN / EMULSION : RATE REVISION : CURRENT RATE APPLICABLE ` We wish to bring to your kind notice the revision in Bitumen / Emulsion rates and we give below the current rate w. Satish Kumar Prajapati. Also find Bitumen Emulsion price list | ID: 15342915612. The primer shall be cationic bitumen emulsion SS1 grade conforming to IS:8887 or medium curing cutback bitumen conforming to IS:217 or as specified in the Contract. Most electrical opposites of anionic emul- aggregates are either siliceous or con-sions. 11. 00. View Mobile Number. Alcolin Membrane Torch-On Permo-Torch HP 10m x 1m C00201. 2%. 00 R 3,900. Prices remained unchanged for Bitumen Emulsion Bulk (Rapid) and (Slow) SS2 in Chennai depot. Pack Size(Kilogram): 143. (05 X 20'ft FCL Containers) Packing: 180 KGS Net in New Steel Drums. Usage/Application: Road Construction. Minimum Order Quantity: 10 Drum. USESSS 60 stable grade is used mainly as a cold applied binder for the manufacture of slow set slurry mixtures which can bebatch mixed and applied by hand or. $20-$30; $30-$50; $50-$100; $100-$150;. Welcome User! Sign In; Join Free; Sales : +91-9953717914 | Support : +91-9700318318. Price of bitumen 60/70. Fuel Price: Indian Oil Corporation Limited: Bitumen: Mathura: Packed: Grade VG10 data is updated daily, averaging 33,530. 5 to 3. Sell. Nuroil Trading Dubai is the leading suppliers of bitumen and its various grades, Cutback Bitumen, Bitumen Emulsions, Natural Bitumen(Asphalt), Bitumen manufacturer dubai uae and also suppliers of Baseoil, fueloil and other petroelum products. Usage/Application: Road Construction. Thanks to its waterproofing qualities, it is widely used in construction. Bitumen 60/70 and 80/100 in jumbo bag without frame:370$/MT. Caustic Soda. Shree Ji Enterprises - Offering Liquid IWL Bitumen Emulsion, For Bituminous Waterproofing, Penetration Grade: 60/70 at Rs 60/kg in Chandigarh. Bitumen Emulsion CSS-1; Bitumen Emulsion CSS-1h; Bitumen Emulsion CMS-2;. Sealing, increasing the friction, and filling the holes and grooves. Bitumen prices down but better from 16/11/23 19 November 2023. Infinity Galaxy is a bitumen supplier for more than 10 years. crude today by petrobazaar Do you know how to check Diesel? HSD LDO spec 13 November 2023 Best Diesel oil supplier in Hyderabad Social Links Bitumen. 5% of the bitumen emulsion’s weight. DESCRIPTIONCMS 60 is a low viscosity cationic medium set bitumen emulsion. ss1 Grade Oil Based Liquid Bitumen Emulsion Ss 1, For Road Construction, Packaging Type: 200 Ltrs. Buy Bitumen Emulsion; Buy Bitumen in Kenya; Buy Bitumen in China; Buy Bitumen in Sudan; Buy Bitumen in Cameroon; Buy Bitumen in Congo;. Sometimes the same grade of bitumen penetration has different behavior in high temperatures. 5 tons (±5%) can fill a 20 foot container. the unit can be supplied on 2 nos. P. 20-100. E. Click and Check the Latest Bitumen Price of IOCL and HPCL Refineries. Irsp-30-1996 (bituminous emulsion rail paint) Anti corrosive bituminous black paint is: 158; Refresh and Update an Asphalt or Tarmac Surface / RizistalBitumen at cut-prices now in India from 1-11-23 2 November 2023. The carbon content of bitumen and tar is more than asphalt. Bitumen Price 2023 - Tiger Bitumen offer Lowest Asphalt Bitumen Price Per Ton $400 - FOB - Pakistan. Bitumen. Shopping. 2023. Bitumen, which is an important part of today’s world, is one of the crude oil products. Kenya imported nearly 49,000 MT bitumen from the Middle East in 2021 that approximately 10% is supplied by Infinity Galaxy. We offer high quality products and services at a fair price, timely delivery, all under flexible financial terms. Production of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion. txt) or view presentation slides online. In India, National Oil marketing companies increased the Bitumen bulk price, Bitumen packed price, CRMB bulk price , CRMB packed price and Bitumen emulsion prices for the second half of January,2023 wef 16/1/2023. In addition, the growing demand for renewable. Bitumen 60/70 and 80/100 in jumbo bag in frame:380$/MT. India is also one of the world’s largest consumers and importers of bitumen, with economic growth of 7. 55 gallons of asphalt emulsion sealer. Sealing, increasing the friction, and filling the holes and grooves. It is a slow setting, as a result, it takes time for CSS-1h to dry after it is applied to a surface. 00 R 3,900. Our sales experts will contact you within 12 hours. Click and Check the Latest Bitumen Price of IOCL and BPCL Refineries. Every tender or requirement for Bitumen in countries needs well finance, so, the economic condition of countries has a direct effect on the demand and Bitumen Price. Get Price. Bitumen price. Chuyen. Because bitumen production in India is costly due to the. From R1,799. Title: untitled Created Date: 9/23/2008 5:05:15 AMGeneral Description of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion K1-60. Bitumen 115/15 90/40 95/25 in bag approx. Cationic. VG-10 BITUMEN: widely used in spraying applications such as surface-dressing and paving in very cold climate in lieu of old 80/100 Penetration grade. 1- Bitumen preparation. Packaging Type: 200 Kg Barrel. AE-150 Emulsion. AE-200 Emulsion. . As the mixture of water and oily products quickly separate, a third component, known as emulsifier, is normally added to the mixture in order to make it more stable. In India, National Oil marketing companies increased the Bitumen bulk price, Bitumen packed price, CRMB bulk price , CRMB packed price and Bitumen emulsion prices for the first half of Dec,2021 wef 1/12/2021. Bitumen emulsions are an oil-in-water type of emulsion where the bitumen is dispersed in water. There can be a wide range of bitumen content to suit different requirements, often ranging between 30% and 70%. HPCL Bitumen Price; Buy Bitumen. Penetration Grade;Table-2: The Cutback Bitumen Specification As per BS 3690: Part 1 & BS EN 12591. 74 billion in 2020 and will exhibit a growth rate of over 4. Hincol Bitumen Emulsion SS2; Hincol Bitumen Emulsion CSS1 ASTM; Hincol Bitumen Emulsion CSS1h; Hincol Bitumen Emulsion CQS; Hincol Bitumen Emulsion K2; Hincol Premix Bitumen Emulsion; Hincol Seal Coat Bitumen Emulsion. Price is subject to change and the price ruling on the date of supply will be charged. USESCMS 60 is used for the manufacture of open graded cold asphalt mixes by hand or concrete mixer. , LTD. The Bitumen Emulsion Price Compared to Cut Back Bitumen. 44922/- per Mt, Bitumen VG-30 (Bulk) price is Rs. IndiaMART. The price, supply capacity. DESCRIPTION SS 60 stable grade is a low viscosity anionic slow set bitumen emulsion. The pure bitumen price is dependent on the crude oil and vacuum bottom price. This stayed constant from the previous number of 32,830. Bitumen 80/100. As being part of Colas SA, the world leaders in emulsion technology, SAMI Bitumen Technologies is able to draw on a vast level of experience and knowledge, which is complemented by strong focus on research and development, to manufacture and supply the most innovative and the latest range of bitumen and polymer modified emulsions. This preparation is done for easy transferring and mixing. MC-30 bitumen price is higher than ordinary bitumen. Min Order: 1 piece. Latest Bitumen Price; India Bitumen Price; Bitumen price list today; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Price 2022; Bitumen Emulsion Price; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Prices Archive; Iran bitumen 60/70 price; Iran bitumen 80/100 price; Bitumen Price in Destination Ports. Dependence of bitumen emulsion homogeneity on surfactant concentration. Call Now 08046044877 Get Best Price. FOB BND: Packing: MOQ 480-490 USD/MT . Natural Liquid Hincol Bitumen Emulsion RS1, For Road Construction. Grade Standard: Viscosity grade. Get Quote. Natural Asphalt Bitumen 60/70 & 80/100, For Road Construction. This stayed constant from the previous number of 30,930. Bitumen Price List April 2011 to 1st August 2011. In India, National Oil marketing companies increased the Bitumen bulk price, Bitumen packed price, CRMB bulk price , CRMB packed price and Bitumen emulsion prices for the second half of Feb,2022 wef 16/2/2022. 00 ZAR R 22,000. Ask Price; Bitumen Emulsion Paint, For Bituminous Waterproofing Ask Price; Bitumen Sales Corporation. Rans Engineering & Chemicals Private LimitedBitumen is produced from the residue of a vacuum distillation tower. If you are interested in buying bitumen. 00 ZAR. Bitumen Emulsion. com. Bitumen price in. Click to view IOCL bulk and packed bitumen prices. Burner. Bitumen Emulsion The this type of bitumen forms a two-phase system with two immiscible liquids. TrustSEAL Verified. bitumen emulsion price. IOCL bitumen prices from the beginning of this year until now are listed in the PDF below. IOCL Bulk Bitumen Price 2021 (Jan – June) The following tables are a complete archive of IOCL bulk bitumen prices from the beginning of 2021. 10 billion in 2015 and is expected to witness significant growth over the next eight years owing to increasing use in various applications including roadways, waterproofing, insulation, and adhesives. -2023:. Country of Origin. Emulsion Bitumen. Anionic Stable Grade Bitumen 60% - SS60 (200L Drum) R 3,000. Short new steel drum has the capacity of 150 kg (±2. A. 3 Years. Bitumen Price List. Natural Pasargad Imported Bitumen, Grade Standard: 60/70, Pack Size (kilogram): 191 Kg. 00. 00 / PMT - April 2023CFR - Major African, European and ASEAN Ports. Packaging. Anionic Bitumen emulsions (SS 60) Version 3. CSS-1 and its harder type CSS-1h are cationic bitumen emulsion grades with slow setting time. CMS 60 can only be usedwith aggregates containing a limited amount of fines. 60/70 Penetration Grade Bitumen is a thermoplastic material which softens gradually as it is heated and hardens as it is cooked. Latest Bitumen Price; Bitumen Membrane; Oil. November 2, 2023. 1860-5991-111 Last updated on 24/11/2023 11:52 AMDiscount Warehouse specializing in asphalt emulsion, tar emulsion, bitumen emulsion, asphalt felts coating, asphalt roof coating, asphalt primer, roof repair tar, roof tar, tar and gravel roof repair, roofing tar, tar and gravel roofing. Country of Origin: Made in India. Supplier of sulphur, bitumen and Urea in Dubai. com. Bitutape 150 PVC 5. Read this page for more details. If they separate in storage, the emulsion can easily be restored by agitation. Industrial Grade Bitumen, for Road Construction, Grade Standard: Vg 10 (80-100) Vg 30 (60-70) ₹ 39,000/ Metric Ton Get Latest Price. On 15th February, refineries in India raised bitumen prices by 4845 INR. Get Price. ₹ 52/ Kilogram Get Latest Price. Premium Insights. Get Quote. 220 (Liter) New Steel Drum. Frigmaires Offers Complete Plants On A Turn Key Basis For The Production Of Modified Bitumens Such As Emulsions. Price/Gallon. US$ 900-1100 / Piece. The HS Code of Bitumen Emulsion CRS-1 is 27150090 and it can be produced and evaluated based on the tips of the ASTM D 2397M-13 standard. Earthenware. Infinity Galaxy, as an oxidized bitumen supplier, started its own activity in 2012. 11. Residue on 150 um KS sieve (g per 100 mL), maximum. 00. Bitumen Supplies & Services (BSS), is one of Africa’s foremost suppliers of road construction products and technology. Bitumen decreased 186 CNY/T or 4. As an emulsion, bitumen emulsion is considered as an oil in water (O/W) emulsion system with water (or soap) as the continuous phase and bitumen as the dispersed phase. Balaji Chakravarthy. View India's Fuel Price: Indian Oil Corporation Limited: Bitumen: Emulsion: Haldia: Bulk: Emulsion: Grade Medium from 01 Jan 2010 to 22 Nov 2023 in the chart: Bitumen Emulsion Price; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Prices Archive; Iran bitumen 60/70 price; Iran bitumen 80/100 price; Bitumen Price in Destination Ports. Bitumen, also known as asphalt, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Read more. Bitumen price in Africa; Bitumen price in Congo; Bitumen price in Ethiopia; Bitumen price in Iraq; Bitumen price in South Africa;Kind of emulsion based on polymer. 7 yrs CN Supplier. 2%. Rans Engineering & Chemicals Private Limited. In the first quarter of 2020, since the start of the pandemic, the bitumen price of the middle east had fallen from $ 350 to $ 165. USD 450. Emulsion K1-60 bitumen emulsion can also be used in the grouting. bitumen emulsion ( water base bitumen) Liquid bitumen (solvent base bitumen). 0. Bitumen Emulsion CRS-1 Latest Price. 5 to 3. 16 applicable for various grades of Bitumen & Emulsion both. The above price are as on Jul 08, 2023 and valid till Jul 14, 2023Get Price Quote. ₹ 21/ Kg Get Latest Price. Series: KRE 2500 ( Capacity 2500 Litres ) KRE 3000 ( Capacity 3000 Litres ) Specifications: Air blower. Kolkata. 00 EMULSION MS (Bulk) 30790. ₹ 56,000/ Ton. +92-321-820-8896 HomeK31-CAP is a type of cold asphalt, which is designed to be used for repairing potholes, cracks, and other pavement damages. Click link below to learn about our prices. These Chinese companies follow the ASTDM standards or the American standards for the bitumen. Bitumen prices down but better from 16/11/23 19 November 2023. Asphalt Polymer Modified Bitumen, For Road Construction. ₹ 58 / Kg. 405USD/MT. To produce cationic bitumen emulsion, we need pure bitumen, water, and a cationic emulsifier. water, bitumen and emulsion”. Petra Oil is a one-stop partner that can source products from refineries around the world and delivery them to clients in remote. Bitumen price in Africa; Bitumen price in Congo; Bitumen price in Ethiopia; Bitumen price in Iraq; Bitumen price in South Africa;Our Bitumen Operations are run from Mesaieed Industrial City (MIC) port area, south-east Qatar. Goods. Packaging Type: 200 LTRS. Alcolin Bitumen Waterproofing Paint Silver Coating 5l. Anionic Stable Grade Bitumen Emulsion 60% (SS60) R 3,000. Ultra Bitumen Emulsion is a ready to use product. 00 / PMT - April 2023CFR - Major African, European and ASEAN Ports. The price ranges set december this technique are determined in parallel with its advantages. K1-60 cationic bitumen emulsion is made according to KS 02-769: 1990 standard. I Deal In: New Only. Find here Bitumen Emulsion, Asphalt Emulsions, Bitumen and Water Emulsion, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Bitumen Emulsion prices for buying. Bitumen Emulsion CRS-1 60% in Drum. karunamoorthi_p2209. Bitumen Grade 60/70 or VG30 grade is widely used in Tar mix plants. Find out more from BituChem. Bitumen Emulsion Price; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Prices Archive; Iran bitumen 60/70 price; Iran bitumen 80/100 price; Bitumen Price in Destination Ports. Order: 1. 00 - $1,650. Bitumen. Fuel Price: Indian Oil Corporation Limited: Bitumen: Haldia: Packed: Grade VG30 data is updated daily,. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen. There is nearly 60% bitumen in CSS-1h with a high penetration value and the rest is water phase. 9 /5 ·. Our team supplies different grades of bitumen in Malaysia. Alcolin. 1860-5991-111 Last updated on 24/11/2023 11:52 AMDiscount Warehouse specializing in asphalt emulsion, tar emulsion, bitumen emulsion, asphalt felts coating, asphalt roof coating, asphalt primer, roof repair tar, roof tar, tar and gravel roof repair, roofing tar, tar and gravel roofing. It is a medium viscosity emulsion used mainly for tack coating in normal overlay and patching work. These tables are an archive of IOCL bulk bitumen prices since 2021. 2. Latest Bitumen Price; India. Best and top bitumen bulk and drum trader in Hyderabad. 2023. Iran Base Oil; Base Oil SOC 4; SN 150; SN 350; SN 500; SN 650;. Get Best Price. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Buildkey is manufacturing Sidewalls Bricks, Clay Bricks etc. Bitumen is used to make roads. Fuel Price: Indian Oil Corporation Limited: Bitumen: Chennai: Bulk: Grade VG30 data is updated daily, averaging 32,830. DESCRIPTIONCMS 60 is a low viscosity cationic medium set bitumen emulsion used for the manufacture of cold asphalt mixes. Country of Origin. . Bitumen is used to make roads. Normally cationic type emulsions are used in India. RAHA Group Bitumen Emulsion CRS-2 is a cationic, rapid-setting, bitumen emulsion specifically designed for use in chip sealing. View Mobile Number. Price: ₹ 47,500 / Drum. Latest Bitumen Price; India Bitumen Price; Bitumen price list today; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Price 2022; Bitumen Emulsion Price; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Prices Archive; Iran bitumen 60/70 price; Iran bitumen 80/100 price; Bitumen Price in Destination Ports. 240 (Liter) New Steel Drum. crude prices flat today. Jay Ambe Petrochem And Infra - Offering Liquid RS-1 Grade Bitumen Emulsion, Road Construction, Packaging Type: Drum at Rs 34500/drum in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. M. 2021. Sell. Bedrock Bitumen Emulsion Suppliers have a range of products such as Micro surfacing Emulsion, Road safety sign boards and Cold Mix Pothole Patching Material. 19/2, Big Bazar Street Coimbatore 1. Cutback MC-70/250/800 (Philippines) Medium curing cutback asphalt used as a prime coat for road construction and waterproofing. Bitumen Emulsion Price; Bitumen price per ton; Bitumen Prices Archive; Iran bitumen 60/70 price; Iran bitumen 80/100 price; Bitumen Price in Destination Ports. GemSeal Pavement Products Corporate Headquarters: 3700 Arco Corporate Drive, Suite 425 Charlotte, NC 28273 Tack Coat. Khan Sales Corporation. The higher the number of the grade, the. Moreover, Iran has a high export volume to Malaysia, India, Germany, Ukraine, Turkey and China. We Store and Supply a wide variety of Bituminous materials which are used for road construction, roofing, waterproofing and other applications. Major use for Shell Cutback MC-70 is in the road maintenance industry where it is used as a prime coat of the base course prior. Every tender or requirement for Bitumen in countries needs well finance, so, the economic condition of countries has a direct effect on the demand and Bitumen Price. Bitumen Market Share. Brand: M/s Rahul Bitumen. Bitumen price in Africa; Bitumen price in Congo; Bitumen price in Ethiopia; Bitumen price in Iraq; Bitumen price in South Africa;Bitumen emulsion is a chemical combination of bitumen, water, and an emulsifying agent. 3. Bitumen price in. O) , Light Diesel Oil ( LDO) across Hyderabad. Min Order: 1. PRICE BITUMEN 0109201 - Read online for free. +91-9672007111 China North, East and China South CFR bitumen prices up by roughly USD 10 – 20 PMT and current prices reported at USD 330 – 340 PMT, USD 355 – 365 PMT & USD 365 – 375 PMT. When the ambient temperature is above 85ºF, asphalt binder will easilyBitumen emulsions used in slurry surfacing fall into the category of anionic or cationic slow-set grades, but need not pass the cement mix test. 99: Buy 4 or. Fuel Price: Indian Oil Corporation Limited: Bitumen: Haldia: Packed: Grade VG30 data was reported at 34,930. USES SS 60 stable grade is used mainly as a cold applied binder for the manufacture of slow set slurry mixtures which can be batch mixed and applied by hand or with a continuous mix. Kolkata. Get Quote. Generally, the bitumen is penetration grade 60/70 or Vg 30 grade of viscosity bitumen. axels and 4 nos. All the VG graded Bituminous product prices changed from the previous revision. Our activities focus entirely in supplying the Road Construction industry with an extensive. . Petrobazaar. Nov. Different Grades of Bitumen Emulsion; Bitumen Prices. 99 : 3. 1st Floor, Anil Plaza-II, ABC, G. Marketing Of Bitumenous Product: Bitumen: IndianOil markets Bitumen from its Refineries located at Koyali (Gujarat), Mathura (UP), Panipat (Haryana), Barauni. Bitumen Emulsion CSS-1; Bitumen Emulsion CSS-1h; Bitumen Emulsion CMS-2;. R 28,200. Bitumen is used to make roads. Pack Size(kilogram): 180-200kg. Hincol Emulsion RS1 is manufactured strictly as per IS 8887:2004. The main Grades being VG 10,VG30 and VG40. RAHA Group Bitumen Emulsion CRS-2 is a cationic, rapid-setting, bitumen emulsion specifically designed for use in chip sealing. aggregates has been emphasized by Cationic asphalt emulsions are the several investigators (^, 5, 6). –. In the same process, these components are introduced into a mechanism known as a colloid mill, which shears the asphalt into tiny droplets. HSFO and VLSFO markets – 03-10-2023 3 October 2023. K1-40 are cold applied, liquid bitumen emulsions, used in the construction and repair of pavements, driveways, roads, and highways. Bitumen 60/70. Bitumen 60/70 and 80/100 in drum:380$/MT. Read more. Bhubaneswar-751 024. 11. com offers max discounts. Read more. Toll FREE Number: 1800-2333-555 Commercial LPG Helpline No. Contact Supplier. 000 INR/Metric Ton in 28 Feb 2014 and a record low of 25,640. ₹ 50/ Kilogram. Short drum has a higher cost of long drums. Shell’s Flintkote bitumen emulsion is a trusted, reliable and cost-effective waterproofing coating. hand operated bitumen emulsion sprayer with good price Road Sealing Machine Bitumen Spreader Road Crack Sealing Machine on sale $1,450. As we know, in chemistry, a “phase” is a. 42305/- per Mt, Bitumen VG-30 (Bulk) price is Rs. Usage/Application: Road Construction. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen. Bitumen Grade 60/70 or VG30 grade is widely used in Tar mix plants. 5 kg. 5 million in 2021 and is. The packing are new steel drum in different sizes, jumbo bags 250 kg, 300 kg and 1 MT. VG-10 BITUMEN: widely used in spraying applications such as surface-dressing and paving in very cold climate in lieu of old 80/100 Penetration grade. The emulsifier produces a system in which fine droplets of bitumen, of between 30 % and 80 % of the volume, are held in suspension. A shortage of. In order to suspend the asphalt cement in water, it has to be sheared into microscopic droplets ranging from 1 to 10 microns. Contact Supplier Request a quote. This type of bitumen used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses and the main usage of this. (Currency: INR). 94% since the beginning of 2023, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. pdf), Text File (. Bitumen price updated on 8 June 2023. 00 ZAR. Total 550 Drums (110 Drums in each 20’ft container, each drum weighing 180 Kgs Net) (+/- 3 Kg) Inspection: Quality & Quantity Inspection by SGS. Nov 20, 2023Bitumen Emulsion. ₹ 36/ Kg. Type Of Bitumen: Industrial Grade, Bitumen Emulsion. R 4,500. Get Best Quote. Tiger Bitumen is an Exporter and Supplier of Bitumen Products and Grades with international Specifications. eWorldTrade offers variety of. Sapco Bitumen Company Limited - Offering Sapcold Liquid Cold Mix Bitumen Emulsion, Packaging Type: Hdpe Drum, Packaging Size: 200 Liter at Rs 49500/ton in Kolkata,. Find here online price details of companies selling Bitumen Drums. Rapid industrialization in emerging countries is likely to escalate the demand for bitumen in various applications such as roadways, waterproofing, adhesives, and insulation. Nov.